Coronavirus Research

Cryo-EM has become an essential tool in fighting disease, and it has played a vital role in solving the 3D structure of the novel coronavirus. This structural insight has made possible the development and deployment of several vaccines to treat Covid 19. Numerous scientists have worked tirelessly to understand and combat this virus, and we wanted to highlight here the work that has contributed to the rapid, successful research on coronaviruses.

We want to congratulate all the researchers for their tremendous efforts. The Gatan team takes great pride in the instrumentation that helps to accelerate this research.

Cryo-EM research on COVID-19 accelerated with Gatan instrumentation. The cumulative number of SARS-CoV-2 cryo-EM research articles that utilized Gatan cameras rose to >80 within the first 10 months (left). Most of these articles were published in prestigious scientific journals with a broad readership (right).

More Information?

Structures, conformations, and distributions of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimers on intact virions Nature - August 17, 2020 The spike protein of the COVID-19 virus is a highly flexible protein. The conformational flexibility of spike protein protects the COVID-19 virus from the immune system and allows viral entry into human cells Structures obtained from expressed and purified spike protein might provide limited information on its flexibility Cryo-EM structures of spike protein conformational states obtained from intact frozen viruses and solved with Gatan equipment provides valuable information for vaccine development

Potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to multiple epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike Solved with the K3 Direct Detection Camera Nature - July 22, 2020 Virus-neutralizing antibodies are one of the approaches to treat or prevent infection by the COVID-19 virus The COVID-19 spike protein is the key target of virus-neutralizing antibodies Scientist are using Gatan equipment to study the binding of virus-neutralizing antibodies to the COVID-19 spike protein Cryo-EM structures allow optimization of virus-neutralizing antibodies as potential therapeutic agents against the COVID-19 virus

Distinct conformational states of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Solved with the BioQuantum K3 System Science - July 21, 2020 Cryo-EM structures of the COVID-19 spike protein in prefusion and postfusion conformations solved with Gatan equipment Distinct conformational states of spike protein help scientists understand how the COVID-19 virus evades the immune system and enters human cells The structures of spike protein conformational states allow the development of vaccine strategies

Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus *Science* - May 15, 2020 Preliminary results show remdesivir reduces recovery time for patients who receive the drug A structure, solved by cryo-EM using Gatan equipment, shows how remdesivir blocks virus replication Remdesivir can be improved/optimized to better target COVID-19 using a structure-based drug design

Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus *Science* - April 10, 2020 The “spike” protein is the key target for vaccine and drug development efforts Patent was filed for a vaccine based on this structure US Patent US20200061185A1 / US2017/058370 Pending Vaccine in Clinical Trials with encouraging results https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04283461 "The K3 camera not only gave us great images…, it also prevented data collection from becoming a bottleneck, ultimately letting our team concentrate on getting the structure as quickly as possible” - UT Austin Lead Scientist
W hat the structure of the coronavirus can tell us *Washington Post article* - March 23, 2020 Understanding the coronavirus structure is important to build an effective vaccine or therapeutic. Identify the target structure, mechanism, and dynamics involved in the disease Precisely model an inhibitor (vaccine or therapeutic) and improve the effectiveness against the disease Account for mutations that “drift” or “shift” a therapeutics' efficacy over time Reduce side effects
Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Solved with the K3 Direct Detection Camera Science- March 27, 2020 COVID-19 is pulled into cells after binding to a surface receptor Understanding how it binds at an atomic resolution allows us to design drugs to block this from happening K3 Camera helped this team solve this structure in record time
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Prepared with the Solarus^® Plasma Cleaner and solved with the K3 Direct Detection Camera Press release – February 19, 2020

Publications

Cryo-EM structures of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 spike

Cell Reports

2022

Stalls, V.; Lindenberger, J.; Gobeil, S. M. -C.; Henderson, R.; Parks, R.; Barr, M.; Deyton, M.; Martin, M.; Janowska, K.; Huang, X.; May, A.;l Speakman, M.; Beaudoin, E.; Kraft, B.; Lu, X.; Edwards, R. J.; Eaton, A.; Montefiori, D. C.; Williams, W.; Saunders, K. O.; Wiehe, K.; Haynes, B. F.; Acharya, P.
Structural and functional impact by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mutations

bioRxiv

2022

Zhang, J.; Cai, Y.; Lavine, C. L.; Peng, H.; Zhu, H.; Anand, K.; Tong, P.; Gautam, A.; Mayer, M. L.; Rits-Volloch, S.; Wang, S.; Sliz, P.; Wesemann, D. R.; Yang, W.; Seaman, M. S.; Lu, J.; Xiao, T.; Chen, B.
Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein

Cell

2020

Walls, A. C.; Park, Y. -J.; Tortorici, M. A.; Wall, A.; McGuire, A. T.; Veesler, D.

Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase

Nature

2020

Hillen, H. S.; Kokic, G.; Farnung, L.; Dienemann, C.; Tegunov, D.; Cramer, P.
Structural and biochemical characterization of the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 core polymerase complex from SARS-CoV-2

Cell Reports

2021

Peng, Q.; Peng, R.; Yuan, B.; Zhao, J.; Wang, M.; Wang, X.; Wang, Q.; Sun, Y.; Fan, Z.; Qi, J.; Gao, G. F.; Shi, Y.
Structural basis for inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARS-CoV-2 by remdesivir

Science

2020

Yin, W.; Mao, C.; Luan, X.; Shen, D. -D.; Shen, Q.; Su, H.; Wang, X.; Zhou, F.; Zhao, W.; Gao, M.; Chang, S.; Xie, Y. -C.; Tian, G.; Jiang, H. -W.; Tao, S. -C.; Shen, J.; Jiang, Y.; Jiang, H.; X.u, Y.; Zhang, S.; Xu, H. E.
Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients’ B cells

Cell

2020

Cao, Y.; Su, B.; Guo, X.; Sun, W.; Deng, Y.; Bao, L.; Zhu, Q.; Zhang, X.; Zheng, Y.; Geng, C.; Chai, X.; He, R.; Li, X.; Lv, Q.; Zhu, H.; Deng, W.; Xu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Qiao, L.; Tan, Y.; Song, L.; Wang, G.; Du, X.; Gao, N.; Liu, J.; Xiao, J.; Su, X. -D.; Du, Z.; Feng, Y.; Qin, C.; Qin, C.; Jin, R.; Xie, X. S.
Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Nature

2020

Zost, S. J.; Gilchuk, P.; Case, J. B.; Binshtein, E.; Chen, R. E.; Nkolola, J. P.; Schäfer, A.; Reidy, J. X.; Trivette, A.; Nargi, R. S.; Sutton, R. E.; Suryadevara, N.; Martinez, D. R.; Williamson, L. E.; Chen, E. C.; Jones, T.; Day, S.; Myers, L.; Hassan, A. O.; Kafai, N. M.; Winkler, E. S.; Fox, J. M.; Shrihari, S.; Mueller, B. K.; Meiler, J.; Chandrashekar, A.; Mercado, N. B.; Steinhardt, J. J.; Ren, K.; Loo, Y. -M.; Kallewaard, N. L.; McCune, B. T.; Keeler, S. P.; Holtzman, M. J.; Barouch, D. H.; Gralinski, L. E.; Baric, R. S.; Thackray, L. B.; Diamond, M. S.; Carnahan, R. H.; Crowe Jr, J. E.
Cryo-EM analysis of the post-fusion structure of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein

Nature Communications

2020

Fan, X.; Cao, D.; Kong, L.; Zhang, X.
Controlling the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein conformation

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

2020

Henderson, R.; Edwards, R. J.; Mansouri, K.; Janowska, K.; Stalls, V.; Gobeil, S. M. C.; Kopp, M.; Li, D.; Parks, R.; Hsu, A. L.; Borgnia, M. J.; Haynes, B. F.; Acharya, P.
Structural basis for RNA replication by the SARS-CoV-2 polymerase

Cell

2020

Wang, Q.; Wu2, J.; Wang, H.; Gao, Y.; Liu, Q.; Mu, A.; Ji, W.; Yan, L.; Zhu, Y.; Zhu, C.; Fang, X.; Yang, X.; Huang, Y.; Gao, H.; Liu, F.; Ge, J.; Sun, Q.; Yang, X.; Xu, W.; Liu, Z.; Yang, H.; Lou, Z.; Jiang, B.; Guddat, L. W.; Gong, P.; Rao, Z.
A thermostable, closed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

2020

Xiong, X.; Qu, K.; Ciazynska, K. A.; Hosmillo, M.; Carter, A. P.; Ebrahimi, S.; Ke, Z.; Scheres, S. H. W.; Bergamaschi, L.; Grice, G. L.; Zhang, Y.; The CITIID-NIHR COVID-19 BioResource Collaboration; Nathan, J. A.; Baker, S.; James, L. C.; Baxendale, H. E.; Goodfellow, I.; Doffinger, R.; Briggs, J. A. G.
Structural basis for the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by an antibody from a convalescent patient

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

2020

Zhou, D.; Duyvesteyn, H. M. E.; Chen, C. -P.; Huang, C. -G.; Chen, T. -H.; Shih, S. -R.; Lin, Y. -C.; Cheng, C. -Y.; Cheng, S. -H.; Huang, Y. -C.; Lin, T. -Y.; Ma, C.; Huo, J.; Carrique, L.; Malinauskas, T.; Ruza, R. R.; Shah, P. N. M.; Tan, T. K.; Rijal, P.; Donat, R. F.; Godwin, K.; Buttigieg, K. R.; Tree, J. A.; Radecke, J.; Paterson, N. G.; Supasa, P.; Mongkolsapaya, J.; Screaton, G. R.; Carroll, M. W.; Gilbert-Jaramillo, J.; Knight, M. L.; James, W.; Owens, R. J.; Naismith, J. H.; Townsend, A. R.; Fry, E. E.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, J.; Stuart, D. I.; Huang, K. -Y. A.
A neutralizing human antibody binds to the N-terminal domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2

Science

2020

Chi, X.; Yan, R.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, Z.; Hao, M.; Zhang, Z.; Fan, P.; Dong, X.; Yang, Y.; Chen, Z.; Guo, Y.; Zhang, J.; Li, Y.; Song, X.; Cheng, Y.; Xia, L.; Fu, L.; Hou, L.; Xu, J.; Yu, X.; Li, J.; Zhou, Q.; Chen, W.
SARS-CoV-2 structure and replication characterized by in situ cryo-electron tomography

Nature Communications

2020

Klein, S.; Cortese, M.; Winter, S. L.; Wachsmuth-Melm, M.; Neufeldt, C. J.; Cerikan, B.; Stanifer, M. L.; Boulant, S.; Bartenschlager, R.; Chlanda , P.
Structures of human antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal common epitopes and recurrent features of antibodies

Cell

2020

Barnes, C. O.; West Jr., A. P.; Huey-Tubman, K. E.; Hoffmann, M. A. G.; Sharaf, N. G.; Hoffman, P. R.; Koranda, N.; Gristick, H. B.; Gaebler, C.; Muecksch, F.; Lorenzi, J. C. C.; Finkin, S.; Hägglöf, T.; Hurley, A.; Millard, K. G.; Weisblum, Y.; Schmidt, F.; Hatziioannou, T.; Bieniasz, P. D.; Caskey, M.; Robbiani, D. F.; Nussenzweig, M. C.; Bjorkman. P. J.
Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail

Science

2020

Hansen, J.; Baum, A.; Pascal, K. E.; Russo, V.; Giordano, S.; Wloga, E.; Fulton, B. O.; Yan, Y.; Koon, K.; Patel, K.; Chung, K. M.; ermann, A.; Ullman, E.; Cruz, J.; Rafique, A.; Huang, T.; Fairhurst, J.; Libertiny, C.; Malbec, M.; Lee, W. -Y.; Welsh, R.; Farr, G.; Pennington, S.; Deshpande, D.; Cheng, J.; Watty, A.; Bouffard, P.; Babb, R.; Levenkova, N.; Chen, C.; Zhang, B.; Hernandez, A. R.; Saotome, K.; Zhou, Y.; Franklin, M.; Sivapalasingam, S.; Lye, D. C.; Weston, S.; Lopgue, J.; Haupt, R.; Frieman, M.; Chen., G.; Olson, W.; Murphy, A. J.; Stahl, N.; Yancopoulos, G. D.; Kyratsous, C. A.
Molecular architecture of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

Cell

2020

Yao, H.; Song, Y.; Chen, Y.; Wu, N.; Xu, J.; Sun, C.; Zhang, J.; Weng, T.; Zhang, Z.; Wu, Z.; Cheng, L.; Shi, D.; Lu, X.; Lei, J.; Crispin, M.; Shi, Y.; Li, L.; Li, S.
Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2

Science

2020

Thoms, M.; Buschauer, R.; Ameismeier, M.; Loepke, L.; Denk, T.; Hirschenberger, M.; Kratzat, H.; Hayn, M.; Mackens-Kiani, T.; Cheng, J.; Straub, J. H.; Sturzel, C. M.; Frohlich, T.; Berninghausen, O.; Becker, T.; Kirchhoff, F.; Sparrer, K. M.; Beckmann, R.
An alpaca nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by blocking receptor interaction

Nature Communications

2020

Hanke, L.; Perez, L. V.; Sheward, D. J.; Das, H.; Schulte, T.; Moliner-Morro, A.; Corcoran, M.; Achour, A.; Hedestam, G. B.; Hällberg, B. M.; Murrell, B.; McInerney, G. M.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by destruction of the prefusion spike

Cell Host & Microbe

2020

Huo, J.; Zhao, Y.; Ren, J.; Zhou, D.; Duyvesteyn, H. M. E.; Ginn, H. M.; Carrique, L.; Malinauskas, T.; Ruza, R. R.; Shah, P. N. M.; Tan, T. K.; Rijal, P.; Coombes, N.; Bewley, K. R.; Tree, J. A.; Radecke, J.; Paterson, N. G.; Supasa, P.; Mongkolsapaya, J.; Screaton, G. R.; Carroll, M.; Townsend, A.; Fry, E. E.; Owens, R. J.; Stuart, D. I.
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 binds the ribosomal mRMA channel to inhibit translation

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology

2020

Schubert, K.; Karousis, E. D.; Jomaa, A.; Scaiola, A.; Echeverria, B.; Gurzeler, L. -A.; Leibundgut, M.; Thiel, V.; Mühlemann, O.; Ban, N.
Receptor binding and priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for membrane fusion

Nature

2020

Benton, D. J.; Wrobel, A. G.; Xu, P.; Roustan, C.; Martin, S. R.; Rosenthal, P. B.; Skehel, J. J.; Gamblin, S. J.
Structural basis for helicase-polymerase coupling in the SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription complex

Cell

2020

Chen, J.; Malone, B.; Llewellyn, E.; Grasso, M.; Shelton, P. M. M.; Olinares, P. D. B.; Maruthi, K.; Eng, E. T.; Vatandaslar, H.; Chait, B. T.; Kapoor, T. M.; Darst, S. A.; Campbell, E. A.
Structural basis for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by a potent therapeutic antibody

Science

2020

Lv, Z.; Deng, Y. -Q.; Ye, Q.; Cao, L.; Sun, C. -Y.; Fan, C.; Huang, W.; Sun, S.; Sun, Y.; Zhu, L.; Chen, Q.; Wang, N.; Nie, J.; Cui, Z.; Zhu, D.; Shaw, N.; Li, X. -F.; Li, Q.; Xie, L.; Wang, Y.; Rao, Z.; Qin, C. -F.; Wang, X.
Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes

Science

2020

Hseih, C. -L.; Goldsmith, J. A.; Schaub, J. M.; Divenere, A. M.; Kuo, H. -C.; Javanmardi, K.; Le, K. C.; Wrapp, D.; Lee, A. G.; Liu, Y.; Chou, C. -W.; Byrne, P. O.; Hjorth, C. K.; Johnson, N. V.; Ludes-Meyers, J.; Nguyen, A. W.; Park, J.; Wang, N.; Amengor, D.; Lavinder, J. J.; Ippolito, G. C.; Maynard, J. A.; Finkelstein, I. J.; McLellan, J. S.
Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 and the molecular basis for SARS-CoV-2 binding to cat ACE2

Cell Discovery

2020

Wu, L.; Chen, Q.; Liu, K.; Wang, J.; Han, P.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, Y.; Meng, Y.; Pan, X.; Qiao, C.; Tian, S.; Du, P.; Song, H.; Shi, W.; Qi, J.; Wang, H. -W.; Yan, J.; Gao, G. F.; Wang, Q.
In situ structural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike reveals flexibility mediated by three hinges

Science

2020

Turonova, B.; Sikora, M.; Schurmann, C.; Hagen, W. J. H.; Welsch, S.; Blanc, F. E. C.; von Bulow, S.; Gecht, M.; Bagola, K.; Horner, C.; van Zandbergen, G.; Landry, J.; de Azevedo, N. T. D.; Mosalaganti, S.; Schwarz, A.; Covino, R.; Muhlebach, M. D.; Hummer, G.; Locker, J, K,; Beck, M.
SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies

Nature

2020

Barnes, C. O.; Jette, C. A.; Abernathy, M. E.; Dam, K. -M., A.; Esswein, S. R.; Gristick, H. B.; Malyutin, A. G.; Sharaf, N. G.; Huey-Tubman, K. E.; Lee, Y. E.; Robbiani, D. F.; Nussenzweig, M. C.; West Jr., A. P.; Bjorkman, P. J.
De novo design of picomolar SARS-CoV-2 miniprotein inhibitors

Science

2020

Cao, L.; Goreshnik, I.; Coventry, B.; Case, J. B.; Miller, L.; Kozodoy, L.; Chen, R. R.; Carter, L.; Walls, A. C.; Park, Y. -J.; Strauch, E. -M.; Stewart, L.; Diamond, M. S.; Veesler, D.; Baker, D.
Structure-based design with tag-based purification and in-process biotinylation enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike molecular probes

Cell Reports

2020

Zhou, T.; Teng, I. -T.; Olia, A. S.; Cerutti, G.; Gorman, J.; Nazzari, A.; Shi, W.; Tsybovsky, Y.; Wang, L.; Wang, S.; Zhang, B.; Zhang, Y.; Katsamba, P. S.; Petrova, Y.; Banach, B. B.; Fahad, A. S.; Liu, L.; Lopez Acevedo, S. N.; Madan, B.; de Souza, M. O.; Pan, X.; Wang, P.; Wolfe, J. R.; Yin, M.; Ho, D. D.; Phung, E.; DiPiazza, A.; Chang, L. A.; Abiona, O. M.; Corbett, K. S.; DeKosky, B. J.; Graham, B. S.; Mascola, J. R.; Misasi, J.; Ruckwardt, T.; Sullivan, N. J.; Shapiro, L.; Kwong, P. D.
The architecture of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with postfusion spikes revealed by cryo-EM and cryo-ET

Structure

2020

Liu, C.; Mendonça, L.; Yang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Shen, C.; Liu, J.; Ni, T.; Ju, B.; Liu, C.; Tang, X.; Wei, J.; Ma, X.; Zhu, Y.; Liu, W.; Xu, S.; Liu, Y.; Yuan, J.; Wu, J.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, L.; Wang, P.; Zhang, P.
Selection, biophysical and structural analysis of synthetic nanobodies that effectively neutralize SARS-CoV-2

Nature Communications

2020

Custódio, T. F.; Das, H.; Sheward, D. J.; Hanke, L.; Pazicky, S.; Pieprzyk, J.; Sorgenfrei, M.; Schroer, M. A.; Gruzinov, A. Y.; Jeffries, C. M.; Graewert, M. A.; Svergun, D. I.; Dobrev, N.; Remans, K.; Seeger, M. A.; McInerney, G. M.; Murrell, B.; Hällberg, B. M.; Löw, C.
An ultrapotent synthetic nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by stabilizing inactive spike

Science

2020

Schoof, M.; Faust, B.; Saunders, R. A.; Sangwan, S.; Rezelj, V.; Hoppe, N.; Boone, M.; Billesbølle, C. B.; Puchades, C.; Azumaya, C. M.; Kratochvil, H. T.; Zimanyi, M.; Deshpande, I.; Liang, J.; Dickinson, S.; Nguyen, H. C.; Chio, C. M.; Merz, G. E.; Thompson, M. C.; Diwanji, D.; Schaefer, K.; Anand, A. A.; Dobzinski, N.; Zha, B. S.; Simoneau, C. R.; Leon, K.; White, K. M.; Chio, U. S.; Gupta, M.; Jin, M.; Li, F.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, K.; Bulkley, D.; Sun, M.; Smith, A. M.; Rizo, A. N.; Moss, F.; Brilot, A. F.; Pourmal, S.; Trenker, R.; Pospiech, T.; Gupta, S.; Barsi-Rhyne, B.; Belyy, V.; Barile-Hill, A. W.; Nock, S.; Liu, Y.; Krogan, N. J.; Ralston, C. Y.; Swaney, D. L.; García-Sastre, A.; Ott, M.; Vignuzzi, M.; QCRG Structural Biology Consortium; Walter, P.; Manglik, A.
Free fatty acid binding pocket in the locked structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Science

2020

Toelzer, C.; Gupta, K.; Yadav, S. K. N.: Borucu, U.; Davidson, A. D.; Williamson, M. K.; Shoemark, D. K.; Garzoni, F.; Staufer, O.; Milligan, R.; Capin, J.; Mulholland, A. J.; Spatz, J.; Fitzgerald, D.; Berger, I.; Schaffitzel, C.
Engineered trimeric ACE2 binds viral spike protein and locks it in “Three-up” conformation to potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cell Research

2020

Guo, L.; Bi, W.; Wang, X.; Xu, W.; Yan, R.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, K.; Li, Y.; Zhang, M.; Cai, X.; Jiang, S.; Xie, Y.; Zhou, Q.; Lu, L.; Dang, B.
Mapping neutralizing and immunodominant sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain by structure-guided high-resolution serology

Cell

2020

Piccoli, L.; Park, Y. -J.; Tortorici, M. A.; Czudnochowski, N.; Walls, A. C.; Beltramello, M.; Silacci-Fregni, C.; Pinto, D.; Rosen, L. E.; Bowen, J. E.; Acton, O. J.; Jaconi, S.; Guarino, B.; Minola, A.; Zatta, F.; Sprugasci, N.; Bassi, J.; Peter, A.; De Marco, A.; Nix, J. C.; Mele, F.; Jovic, S.; Rodriguez, B. F.; Gupta, S. V.; Jin, F.; Piumatti, G.; Presti, G. L.; Pellanda, A. F.; Biggiogero, M.; Tarkowski, M.; Pizzuto, M. S.; Cameroni, E.; Havenar-Daughton, C.; Smithey, M.; Hong, D.; Lepori, V.; Albanese, E.; Ceschi, A.; Bernasconi, E.; Elzi, L.; Ferrari, P.; Garzoni, C.; Riva, A.; Snell, G.; Sallusto, F.; Fink, K.; Virgin, H. W.; Lanzavecchia, A.; Corti, D.; Veesler, D.
Structurally resolved SARS-CoV-2 antibody shows high efficacy in severely infected hamsters and provides a potent cocktail pairing strategy

Cell

2020

Du, S.; Cao, Y.; Zhu, Q.; Yu, P.; Qi, F.; Wang, G.; Du, X.; Bao, L.; Deng, W.; Zhu, H.; Liu, J.; Nie, J.; Zheng, Y.; Liang, H.; Liu, R.; Gong, S.; Xu, H.; Yisimayi, A.; Qin, C.
Architecture of a SARS-CoV-2 mini replication and transcription complex

Nature Communications

2020

Yan, L.; Zhang, Y.; Ge, J.; Zheng, L.; Gao, Y.; Wang, T.; Jia, Z.; Wang, H.; Huang, Y.; Li, M.; Wang, Q.; Ra, Z.; Lou, Z.
Ultrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms

Science

2020

Tortorici, M. A.; Beltramello, M.; Lempp, F. A.; Pinto, D.; Dang, H. V.; Rosen, L. E.; McCallum, M.; Bowen, J.; Minola, A.; Jaconi, S.; Zatta, F.; De Marco, A.; Guarino, B.; Bianchi, S.; Lauron, E. J.; Tucker, H.; Zhou, J.; Peter, A.; Havenar-Daughton, C.; Wojcechowskyj, J. A.; Case, J. B.; Chen, R. E.; Kaiser, H.; Montiel-Ruiz, M.; Meury, M.; Czudnochowski, N.; Spreafico, R.; Dillen, J.; Ng, C.; Sprugasci, N.; Culap, K.; Benigni, F.; Abdelnabi, R.; Foo, S. -Y. C.; Schmid, M. A.; Cameroni, E.; Riva, A.; Gabrieli, A.; Galli, M.; Pizzuto. M. S.; Neyts, J.; Diamond, M. S.; Virgin, H. W.; Snell, G.; Corti, D.; Fink, K.; Veesler, D.;
Structural analysis of full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein from an advanced vaccine candidate

Science

2020

Bangaru, S.; Ozorowski, G.; Turner, H. L.; Antanasijevic, A.; Huang, D.; Wang, X.; Torres, J. L.; Diedrich, J. K.; Tian, J. -H.; Portnoff, A. D.; Patel, N.; Massare, M. J.; Yates III, J. R.; Nemazee, D.; Paulson, J. C.; Glenn, G.; Smith, G.; Ward, A. B.
Structure-based development of human antibody cocktails against SARS-CoV-2

Cell Research

2020

Wang, N.; Sun, Y.; Feng, R.; Wang, Y.; Guo, Y.; Zhang, L.; Deng, Y. -Q.; Wang, L.; Cui, Z.; Cao, L.; Zhang, Y. -J.; Li, W.; Zhu, F. -C.; Qin, C. -F.; Wang, X.
Rational development of a human antibody cocktail that deploys multiple functions to confer Pan-SARS-CoVs protection

Cell Research

2020

Yao, H.; Sun, Y.; Deng, Y. -Q.; Wang, N.; Tan, Y.; Zhang, N. -N.; Li, X. -F.; Kong, C.; Xu, Y. -P.; Chen, Q.; Cao, T. -S.; Zhao, H.; Yan, X.; Cao, L.; Lv, Z.; Zhu, D.; Feng, R.; Wu, N.; Zhang, W.; Hu, Y.; Chen, K.; Zhang, R. -R.; Lv, Q.; Sun, S.; Zhou, Y.; Yan, R.; Yang, G.; Sun, X.; Liu, C.; Lu, X.; Cheng, L.; Qiu, H.; Huang, X. -Y.; Weng, T.; Shi, D.; Jiang, W.; Shao, J.; Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, T.; Lang, G.; Qin, C. -F.; Li, L.; Wang, X.
De novo design of potent and resilient hACE2 decoys to neutralize SARS-CoV-2

Science

2020

Linsky, T. W.; Vergara, R.; Codina, N.; Nelson, J. W.; Walker, M. J.; Su, W.; Barnes, C. O.; Hsiang, T. -Y.; Esser-Nobis, K.; Yu, K.; Reneer, B.; Hou, Y. J.; Priya, T.; Mitsumoto, M.; Pong, A.; Lau, Y.; Mason, M. L.; Chen, J.; Chen, A.; Berrocal, T.; Peng, H.; Clairmont, N. S.; Castellanos, J.; Lin, Y. -R..; Josephson-Day, A.; Baric, R. S.; Fuller, D. H.; Walkey, C. D.; Ross, T. M.; Swanson, R.; Bjorkman, P. J.; Gale Jr., M.; Blancas-Mejia, L. M.; Yen, H. -L.; Silva, D. -A.
Cryo-EM structures of SARS-CoV-2 spike without and with ACE2 reveal a pH-dependent switch to mediate endosomal positioning of receptor-binding domains

Cell Host & Microbe

2020

Zhou, T.; Tsybovsky, Y.; Gorman, J.; Rapp, M.; Cerutti, G.; Chuang, G. -Y.; Katsamba, P. S.; Sampson, J. M.; Schön, A.; Bimela, J.; Boyington, J. C.; Nazzari, A.; Olia, A. S.; Shi, W.; Sastry, M.; Stephens, T.; Stuckey, J.; Teng, I. -T.; Kwong, P. D
Nonstructural protein 1 of SARS-CoV-2 is a potent pathogenicity factor redirecting host protein synthesis machinery toward viral RNA

Molecular Cell

2020

Yuan, S.; Peng, L.; Park, J. J.; Hu, Y.; Devarkar, S. C.; Dong, M. B.; Shen, Q.; Wu, S.; Chen, S.; Lomakin, I. B.; Xiong, Y.
Coronavirus infection induces progressive restructuring of the endoplasmic reticulum involving the formation and degradation of double membrane vesicles

Virology

2020

Mihelc. E. M.; Baker, S. C.; Lanman, J. K.
They spent 12 years solving a puzzle. It yielded the first COVID-19 vaccines.

National Geographic

2020

Kramer, J.
Conformational dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike glycoprotein in complex with receptor ACE2 revealed by cryo-EM

ScienceAdvances

2021

Xu, C.; Wang, Y.; Liu, C.; Zhang, C.; Han, W.; Hong, X.; Wang, Y.; Hong, Q.; Wang, S.; Zhao, Q.; Wang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Chen, K.; Zheng, W.; Kong, L.; Wang, F.; Zuo, Q.; Huang, Z.; Cong, Y.
Cryo-EM structure of an extended SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription complex reveals an intermediate state in cap synthesis

Cell

2021

Yan, L.; Ge, J.; Zheng, L.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, Y.; Wang, T.; Huang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Gao, S.; Li, M.; Liu, Z.; Wang, H.; Li, Y.; Chen, Y.; Guddat, L. W.; Wang, Q.; Rao, Z.; Lou, Z.
Development and structural basis of a two-MAb cocktail for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections

Nature Communications

2021

Zhang, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Liu, C.; Gu, C.; Xu, S.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Wang, Y.; Han, W.; Hong, X.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Wang, T.; Xu, C.; Hong, Q.; Wang, S.; Zhao, Q.; Qiao, W.; Zang, J.; Kong, L.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Qu, D.; Lavillette, D.; Tang, H.; Deng, Q.; Xie, Y.; Cong, Y.; Huang, Z.
Stabilizing the closed SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer

Nature Communications

2021

Juraszek, J.; Rutten, L.; Blokland, S.; Bouchier, P.; Voorzaat, R.; Ritschel, T.; Bakkers, M. J. G.; Renault , L. L. R.; Langedijk, J. P. M.
Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase stalling by remdesivir

Nature Communications

2021

Kokic, G.; Hillen, H. S.; Tegunov, D.; Dienemann, C.; Seitz, F.; Schmitzova, J.; Farnung, L.; Siewert, A.; Höbartner, C.; Cramer, P.
Structure-guided multivalent nanobodies block SARS-CoV-2 infection and suppress mutational escape

Science

2021

Koenig, P. -D.; Das, H.; Liu H.; Kümmerer, B. M.; Gohr, F. N.; Jenster, L. -M.; Schiffelers, L. D. J.; Tesfamariam, Y. M.; Uchima, M.; Wuerth, J. D.; Gatterdam, K.; Ruetalo, N.; Christensen, M. H.; Fandrey, C. I.; Normann, S.; Tödtmann, J.; M. P.; Pritzl, S.; Hanke, L.; Boos, J.; Yuan, M.; Zhu, X.; Schmid-Burgk, J. L.; Kato, H.; Schindler, M.; Wilson, I. A.; Geyer, M.; Ludwig, K. U.; Hällberg, M.; Wu, N. C.; Schmidt, F. I.
Complete mapping of mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain that escape antibody recognition

Cell Host & Microbe

2021

Greaney, A. J.; Starr, T. N.; Gilchuk, P.; Zost, S. J.; Binshtein, E.; Loes, A. N.; Hilton, S. K.; Huddleston, J.; Eguia, R.; Crawford, K. H. D.; Dingens, A. S.; Nargi, R. S.; Sutton, R. E.; Suryadevara, N.; Rothlauf, P. W.; Liu, Z.; Whelan, S. P. J.; Carnahan, R. H.; Bloom, J. D.
Native-like SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expressed by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 vaccine

ACS Central Science

2021

Watanabe, Y.; Mendonça, L.; Allen, E. R.; Howe, A.; Lee, M.; Allen, J. D.; Chawla, H.; Pulido, D.; Donnellan, F.; Davies, H.; Ulaszewska, M.; Belij-Rammerstorfer, S.; Morris, S.; Krebs, A. -S.; Dejnirattisai, W.; Mongkolsapaya, J.; Supasa, P.; Screaton, G. R.; Green, C. M.; Lambe, T.; Zhang, P.; Gilbert, S. C.; Crispin, M.